Since 1850, mathematicians have successfully applied umbral calculus in many fields of mathematics and physics. The success of umbral calculus is due to the possibility of using techniques that have simplified the technicalities of calculations, which are usually wearisome when performed with conventional methods. Umbral Calculus: Techniques for Pure and Applied Mathematics book provides the theoretical basis and many examples of umbral calculus, including operator theory, Hermite, Frobenius-Euler, and other special polynomials, Bessel functions, and at the end, results concerning number theory within umbral calculus viewpoint.